The path of least resistance

Abstract

Several studies show that pedestrians do not simply take the shortest route to their destination. In this paper, we address the question, which other factors influence their route decisions. We present a landmark based pedestrian navigation system that guides users through indoor and outdoor areas and forms the foundation of our research regarding route preferences. To investigate the issue which basic preferences exist, a qualitative pre-study was conducted $$(\mathrm{N} = 21).$$(N=21). In the main study we examined if routes chosen by participants in realistic scenarios deviate from the shortest possible route. With this, we explored if preferences, found in the pre-study, really influence the selection of routes $$(\mathrm{N} = 121).$$(N=121). In the pre-study most participants stated that they want to take the shortest route. In addition to that, it was frequently mentioned that entities along the route, like escalators, elevators, crowded areas, or unsafe areas should be preferred or avoided. The main study revealed that the participants, which were all familiar with the surroundings, take detours in indoor parts compared to the shortest route. Moreover, the participants avoided elevators and routes that lead through cafeterias and lecture halls.